How to Write Dissertation Results Section

The results section is a crucial part of any dissertation. It presents the findings of your research clearly and objectively, allowing readers to understand the data without interpretation. This section acts as the foundation for your discussion, making it essential to get it right.

In this article, you will learn how to write an effective dissertation results section. We’ll cover tips for organizing data, presenting quantitative and qualitative findings, and avoiding common mistakes. Whether you’re a first-time writer or looking to refine your skills, this guide will help you present your results with confidence.

Writing the results section may seem challenging, but it doesn’t have to be. With the right approach, you can showcase your research effectively. Read on to discover step-by-step advice that makes the process easier and ensures your dissertation stands out.

What is the Results Section of a Dissertation?

The results section of a dissertation is the dissertation chapter, where you present the findings of your research in a clear and straightforward manner. Its primary purpose is to showcase the data collected during your study without adding any interpretation or analysis. This section allows readers to see the evidence that supports your conclusions, making it a critical part of your dissertation.

It’s essential to understand the difference between the results and discussion sections. The results section focuses solely on presenting the data, while the discussion section analyzes and interprets what the findings mean in the context of your research questions or hypotheses. Mixing these two sections can confuse readers and reduce the clarity of your dissertation.

In the results section, you are expected to organize your findings logically, often following the structure of your research questions or hypotheses. Additionally, you may use visual aids such as tables, charts, and graphs to enhance understanding and ensure all data is relevant to your study. You should also avoid including raw data or subjective commentary here.

Key Considerations Before Writing the Results Section of a Dissertation

Writing the results section of your dissertation requires careful planning. This is where you present the core findings of your research. In fact, the way you organize and communicate these findings significantly impacts the credibility of your work. Before you start writing, it’s essential to address a few key considerations. These will ensure your results section is not only clear and concise but also aligns with academic expectations. So, you should always consider these 3 critical factors before writing the results section of any research paper:

1. Understanding the Research Questions/Hypotheses

Your results section must directly relate to your research questions or hypotheses. These questions are the foundation of your study, and the results you present should aim to answer them. Before writing, revisit your research objectives to ensure you are clear about what each question seeks to uncover.

For example, if your research explores the effect of exercise on mental health, your results section should explicitly present data that addresses this relationship. Avoid including irrelevant findings, as they can distract readers and dilute the focus of your section. Organize your results in the same order as your research questions to maintain logical flow.

By aligning your findings with your research questions or hypotheses, you demonstrate a well-structured and purposeful study. This not only makes it easier for readers to follow your work but also strengthens the validity of your conclusions.

2. Knowing the Type of Data You Are Presenting (Qualitative vs. Quantitative)

The type of data you are working with significantly influences how you present your results. Quantitative data, such as statistical analyses or numerical findings, require a structured approach that includes tables, graphs, and precise descriptions. For instance, if you conducted a t-test, you should report the test statistic, p-value, and confidence intervals. Visual aids can help summarize complex data and make it easier for readers to grasp key points.

On the other hand, qualitative data often involves themes, patterns, or quotes derived from interviews or observations. Presenting qualitative findings requires a narrative approach, using subheadings to organize themes and providing representative quotes to support each theme. For example, if one of your themes is “Improved Self-Esteem Through Exercise,” include direct participant quotes that illustrate this finding.

Understanding the nature of your data ensures you use the appropriate techniques to present it. This clarity enhances the professionalism of your results section and makes your findings accessible to your audience.

3. Importance of Clarity, Structure, and Objectivity

Clarity, structure, and objectivity are the pillars of an effective results section. Clear writing ensures that your findings are easy to understand. Therefore, you should use straightforward language and avoid unnecessary jargon. For quantitative data, provide concise descriptions of what the numbers mean, without overloading readers with raw data. Similarly, for qualitative findings, ensure each theme or pattern is explained in a way that connects back to your research objectives.

The structure is equally critical. You should divide your results section into subsections, using subheadings that correspond to your research questions or data categories. This approach creates a roadmap for your readers, helping them navigate your findings effortlessly.

Furthermore, objectivity is paramount in the results section. Present your findings factually, without inserting opinions or interpretations. Save the analysis for the discussion section. For example, instead of writing, “This result is significant because it shows the intervention worked,” state, “The results indicate a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the intervention and control groups.”

By focusing on these three elements, you ensure that your results section communicates your findings effectively while maintaining academic rigor. If you need professional help crafting this critical part of your dissertation, we offer comprehensive dissertation data analysis services tailored to your needs.

How to Structure Your Dissertation Results Section

The results section is one of the most critical parts of your dissertation because it presents the evidence supporting your research. Structuring it effectively ensures that your findings are clear, concise, and well-organized. Whether you’re working with quantitative or qualitative data, each type requires a distinct approach. Below, we’ll explore how to present both types of data professionally and effectively.

1. Presenting Quantitative Data

When presenting quantitative data, clarity and precision are key. This type of data often involves numerical results, statistical analyses, and visual representations like tables and graphs. Here’s how to structure and present your quantitative findings effectively:

Use of Tables, Graphs, and Charts

Visual aids are invaluable for summarizing complex numerical data. Tables are useful for detailed numerical comparisons, while graphs and charts (e.g., bar graphs, scatter plots) make trends and relationships more accessible. For example, suppose you measured the impact of a training program on employee productivity. In that case, a line graph showing productivity levels before and after the intervention can visually convey the trends at a glance.

How to Report Statistics Clearly

When reporting statistics, include essential details such as means, standard deviations, confidence intervals, and p-values. Always follow the guidelines of your discipline. For instance, if you’re reporting a t-test result, write it as follows: t(28) = 2.45, p = 0.02. Similarly, when discussing effect sizes or regression coefficients, provide context for what the numbers mean in practical terms.

Example of a Clear Quantitative Results Description

“The analysis revealed a significant difference in test scores between the intervention group (M = 85.4, SD = 6.3) and the control group (M = 78.9, SD = 5.8), t(48) = 3.12, p = 0.002. As shown in Table 1, the intervention group scored consistently higher, suggesting the training program’s positive effect on performance.”

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2. Presenting Qualitative Data

Qualitative data focuses on themes, patterns, and insights derived from non-numerical data such as interviews, focus groups, or observations. Presenting these findings requires a narrative approach to ensure clarity and depth.

Use of Themes, Codes, and Quotes

Begin by organizing your findings into themes or categories that address your research questions. Under each theme, present relevant quotes or observations to support your findings. For example, if a theme is “Increased Motivation Through Mentorship,” include a participant’s quote such as, “Having a mentor made me feel more confident and supported in my role.” Codes and themes provide structure, while quotes add authenticity.

How to Maintain Balance Between Brevity and Detail

While it’s essential to provide enough detail to support your conclusions, avoid overloading readers with excessive quotes or anecdotes. Focus on summarizing key points within each theme and use quotes strategically to illustrate these points. Group similar findings under subheadings to maintain readability.

Example of a Qualitative Data Presentation

“Participants frequently highlighted the importance of mentorship in fostering motivation. As one participant noted, ‘My mentor not only guided me professionally but also made me believe in my abilities.’ This sentiment was echoed by several respondents, emphasizing mentorship’s role in increasing job satisfaction and confidence.”

Struggling with analyzing and presenting qualitative findings? Our qualitative data analysis help can provide the expert support you need to create a compelling results section.

By structuring your results section appropriately for the type of data you’re presenting, you ensure that your dissertation communicates your findings effectively and meets academic standards. Always aim for clarity, logical flow, and relevance, and use professional tools and resources to enhance your presentation.

Tips for Writing a Clear and Concise Results Section

The results section is where your research findings come to life. However, many writers struggle to strike the perfect balance between providing enough detail and overwhelming readers with information. Crafting a results section that is both clear and concise requires thoughtful planning and execution. Below are practical tips to ensure your findings are presented effectively and professionally.

1. Use Subheadings for Organization

Subheadings are essential for breaking down your results section into manageable and logical parts. They allow readers to quickly locate specific findings and help maintain a smooth flow throughout the section.

When crafting subheadings, align them with your research questions or hypotheses. For example, if one of your research questions explores the impact of leadership training on team performance, a corresponding subheading could be “Impact of Leadership Training on Team Performance.” Subheadings should be descriptive but concise, guiding readers without distracting from the content.

Clear subheadings also enhance readability, particularly in lengthy dissertations with complex datasets. They act as signposts, helping readers navigate through your findings with ease. If you’re unsure how to organize your results, consider dividing them into thematic or methodological sections, depending on what best suits your study.

2. Follow the Logical Sequence of Research Questions or Hypotheses

Maintaining a logical sequence is critical for coherence. Present your findings in the same order as your research questions or hypotheses. This approach ensures your readers can easily follow how your results address the objectives of your study.

For instance, if your research has three main questions, structure your results into three corresponding sections. Begin each section with a brief restatement of the question or hypothesis, followed by the related findings. This method avoids confusion and reinforces the connection between your research objectives and your findings.

Staying consistent in the order of presentation not only improves readability but also demonstrates a well-structured approach to your research. It reassures readers that your work is methodical and thorough, reflecting positively on the quality of your dissertation.

3. Avoid Interpretation or Discussion of Results in This Section

One common mistake is blending results with interpretations or discussions. The results section is purely for presenting data—leave the analysis and implications for the discussion chapter.

For example, instead of saying, “This result shows that the intervention was successful in improving student performance,” simply state, “Students in the intervention group scored significantly higher than those in the control group (M = 85, SD = 5.4 vs. M = 78, SD = 6.1, p < 0.01).” This approach maintains objectivity and keeps your results section focused.

By separating facts from interpretation, you allow your findings to stand on their own merit. This division also helps readers differentiate between what you observed and how you analyzed or contextualized those observations later in the discussion section.

4. Include Only Relevant Data and Avoid Redundancy

The results section should be concise and focused. Include only the data that directly addresses your research questions or hypotheses. Irrelevant information or repetitive data presentations can confuse readers and detract from the key findings.

For instance, if your study included exploratory analyses that are not central to your research objectives, consider placing those findings in an appendix instead of the main results section. Similarly, if a finding is already presented in a table or graph, avoid repeating it verbatim in the text. Instead, provide a brief summary or highlight the key takeaway.

Using this selective approach ensures that your results section remains streamlined and impactful. Readers should be able to quickly grasp the significance of your findings without wading through unnecessary details.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in the Dissertation Results Section

Writing the results section of a dissertation can feel like walking a tightrope—too little detail, and your findings may seem incomplete; too much, and readers might get lost in the data. To make your results impactful and professional, it’s crucial to avoid common pitfalls that can undermine the clarity and credibility of your work. Below, we highlight key mistakes and how to steer clear of them.

1. Including Raw Data Without Context

One of the most frequent mistakes is presenting raw data without explanation or context. While it may be tempting to include every detail from your research, doing so can overwhelm your readers and dilute the significance of your findings.

For example, instead of listing raw survey responses, organize and summarize the data into themes or statistics that directly address your research questions. Use tables, graphs, and figures to illustrate patterns. However, you should always accompany these visuals with a concise explanation. For instance, rather than presenting a lengthy dataset, you might write: “Table 1 illustrates the distribution of responses, showing that 65% of participants reported improved productivity after the intervention.”

2. Misinterpreting or Overanalyzing Results in This Section

The results section is not the place for analysis or interpretation—that belongs in the discussion chapter. A common mistake is jumping to conclusions or explaining why certain findings occurred, which can confuse readers and blur the line between presenting and analyzing data.

For example, instead of stating, “This increase in scores shows that the new teaching method is superior,” focus on the factual data: “Students who participated in the new teaching method scored an average of 85 compared to 78 in the control group.” Reserve explanations for the discussion section, where you can connect the dots between your findings and the broader implications of your research.

Sticking to the facts ensures objectivity and maintains the scientific integrity of your dissertation. Overanalysis in the results section can also lead to redundancy, as the same points will need to be revisited later.

3. Using Vague Language

The use of vague or non-specific language can undermine the clarity and authority of your results section. Phrases like “it appears,” “might suggest,” or “possibly indicates” make your findings seem uncertain and lack the precision expected in academic writing.

Instead, be direct and precise when describing your results. For instance, replace “It appears that there is a difference in test scores between groups,” with “The test scores for the intervention group (M = 85.4, SD = 6.3) were significantly higher than those for the control group (M = 78.9, SD = 5.8; p = 0.002).”

Avoiding ambiguity not only strengthens your results section but also enhances the overall credibility of your research. Precision reflects a clear understanding of your data, which is essential for earning the trust of your audience.

4. Omitting Negative Results or Unexpected Findings

Another common mistake is ignoring negative results or findings that contradict your hypotheses. While it’s natural to want to highlight positive outcomes, leaving out unexpected or null results can create an incomplete or biased narrative.

Negative results are valuable because they contribute to a holistic understanding of your research topic. For instance, if your study found no significant relationship between two variables, state this clearly and objectively: “The analysis revealed no significant correlation between social media use and academic performance (r = 0.12, p = 0.24).” Such findings provide opportunities for future research and demonstrate the rigor of your investigation.

By including all results, regardless of their alignment with your expectations, you showcase the integrity and transparency of your research.

Examples of Well-Written Results Sections

Crafting a results section that is both clear and effective can make your dissertation stand out. Here, we present examples of well-written results sections for both quantitative and qualitative research, explaining why each is effective in meeting academic standards and searcher expectations.

Quantitative Research Example

Title: Effect of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Stress Levels

Results Text:
“The analysis revealed that participants in the intervention group experienced a significant reduction in perceived stress scores compared to the control group. The mean perceived stress score for the intervention group was 15.2 (SD = 4.8) post-intervention, compared to 22.6 (SD = 5.1) in the control group. A two-sample t-test showed this difference to be statistically significant (t(198) = -9.34, p < 0.001). Additionally, a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.72) suggests a meaningful difference in stress reduction between the groups. Table 1 provides a summary of the descriptive and inferential statistics.”

Why It’s Effective

1. Clarity and Organization: The example is concise and clearly structured. It begins with a straightforward statement of the key finding and follows with specific numerical details that support this conclusion.
2. Integration of Visuals: The reference to “Table 1” directs the reader to a visual representation, which helps to break down complex data and enhances comprehension.
3. Relevance: Only data pertinent to the research question is included, avoiding unnecessary information.
4. Statistical Precision: Reporting statistics such as p-values, effect sizes, and confidence intervals demonstrates rigor and transparency.

This approach ensures readers can understand the results at a glance while providing enough detail for in-depth analysis.

Qualitative Research Example

Title: Exploring Themes of Resilience Among First-Generation College Students

Results Text:
“Three main themes emerged from the analysis of interview transcripts: (1) Family Support as a Catalyst for Resilience, (2) Overcoming Systemic Barriers, and (3) Personal Growth Through Adversity.

1. Family Support as a Catalyst for Resilience: Participants highlighted the critical role of emotional and financial support from their families. One participant stated, ‘My parents didn’t go to college, but they always believed I could do it, and that pushed me to keep going.’
2. Overcoming Systemic Barriers: Several students discussed navigating challenges such as racial discrimination and financial hardship. A recurring sentiment was summed up by another participant: ‘It’s like the system wasn’t built for people like me, but that just made me more determined to succeed.’
3. Personal Growth Through Adversity: Students reflected on how overcoming challenges contributed to their sense of identity and resilience. As one participant put it, ‘The hard times taught me to be stronger and more resourceful.’

Table 2 provides a summary of the themes and representative quotes.”

Why It’s Effective

1. Use of Themes and Quotes: The results are organized into distinct themes, each supported by representative quotes that bring the findings to life.
2. Balance Between Detail and Brevity: Each theme is described in enough detail to convey its significance while avoiding unnecessary elaboration.
3. Connection to Research Questions: The themes directly address the research focus, ensuring relevance and coherence.
4. Integration of Visual Summaries: Referring to “Table 2” helps readers quickly understand the key findings at a glance.

By presenting themes in a clear, structured format and using participant quotes, this example effectively communicates the essence of qualitative findings.

Frequently Asked Questions

Key Take Aways

1. Understand the Purpose of the Results Section – The results section presents the findings of your research in a structured and objective manner. It provides the foundation for interpreting your study’s significance in the discussion section.
2. Tailor Your Results to Your Research Type – Quantitative results should focus on statistical data, including tables, graphs, and p-values, while qualitative results emphasize themes, codes, and representative quotes. Each approach requires clear organization and direct links to your research questions or hypotheses.
3. Avoid Common Mistakes – Ensure you don’t include raw data without context, misinterpret findings, or omit negative results. Use precise language to communicate findings effectively without vagueness or over-analysis.
4. Use Visuals Strategically – Tables, charts, and graphs can enhance your results section by making complex data more digestible. Always label visuals clearly and integrate them into the narrative to ensure relevance and comprehension.
5. Focus on Clarity and Relevance – Keep your results section concise by including only findings that directly address your research questions. Maintain an objective tone, avoid redundancy, and ensure the section is logically structured to guide the reader.